Hadhrat
Jaabir (R) narrates that Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam said,
“You can never be a Mu’min as long as you do not believe in Taqdeer — in
its good and its bad — to such an extent that whatever is to happen
will not be warded off and whatever is not to happen will not occur.”
(Tirmidhi)
Hadhrat
Ibn Abbaas (R) narrates, “I was (once) behind Nabi sallallahu `alayhi
wa sallam when he said to me: ‘O son! I shall inform you of a few
things. Remember Allah and He will protect you. Remember Allah and you
will find Him close to you. When you have to ask for something, ask of
Allah Ta’ala. When you require aid, seek His Aid. Believe firmly that if
all creation desires to benefit you in anything, they can never benefit
you but that which Allah has decreed for you. If they all unite to harm
you, they will not be able to harm you in anything, but that which
Allah has decreed for you.”
Hadhrat
Abu Dardaa (R) narrates that Allah Ta’ala has already predestined five
things for all people, viz., age, sustenance, deeds, place of burial and
final salvation or condemnation. (Ahmad, Bazzaaz, Kabeer, Awsat)
Hadhrat
Mu’aawiyah (R) narrates that Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam
said, “Do not advance to acquire something, thinking that you can
acquire it by your efforts even though Allah Ta’ala has not predestined
it for you nor retreat from something, thinking that you will be able to
obviate it by your efforts even though Allah Ta’ala has predestined it
for you.” (Kabeer and Awsat)
Whatever Allah Ta’ala has predestined, will come to pass no matter what efforts are made by man to gain or ward it off.
Hadhrat
Abu Hurairah (R) narrates that Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam
said, “Strive to acquire what is beneficial for you; seek the aid of
Allah; do not lose courage and if a setback overtakes you, do not say:
‘If I had done this then it would have happened like this (i.e. not what
had happened).’ Instead, say: ‘Allah has ordained this. Whatever He has
willed, has happened.'” (Muslim)
The
above Ahadith have been extracted from Jam’ul Fawaaid. These Ahadith
pertain largely to Taqdeer. The narrations which will appear hereunder
pertain more to Tawakkul.
Allah Ta’ala states in the Qur’an,
“After
you have consulted) and when you have firmly decided, then have trust
on Allah (and proceed to do what you have decided to do). Verily, Allah
Ta’ala loves those who place reliance (on Him).” (Surat Aale Imraan)
What
greater wealth does one require than the love of Allah? Those whose
trust and [have] reliance [upon] Allah, have secured His love. There is
no doubt in the success of such people. From this verse it is also
manifest that along with Tawakkul should be Tadbeer (i.e. employment of
the correct agencies, means and ways). Consultation which is mentioned
in the ayah is in fact a way for deciding an affair. However, one should
not repose reliance on Tadbeer. Even after having instituted the ways
and means, reliance must be placed on Allah Ta’ala.
Allah Ta’ala says in the Noble Qur’an,
“They
(the Sahabah) are such (sincere) people that when some persons said to
them: ‘These people (i.e. the kuffaar of Makkah) have made (great)
preparations for you (i.e. for fighting you) You should therefore fear
them’, their (the Sahabah) Iman became stronger. Allah is sufficient and
is best. Unto Him affairs are assigned. Thus these people (the Sahabah)
returned loaded with the bounties of Allah. No grief overtook them and
they remained following the Pleasure of Allah. Verify, Allah is most
Munificent.”
In
these verses is a reference to a particular incident from which the
Sahabah (R) benefited both materially as well as spiritually. Allah
Ta’ala indicates here that both these benefits were the consequence of
Tawakkul.
Allah Ta’ala orders Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam in the Noble Qur’an to say,
“Say
(O Muhammad!) Nothing can overtake us, but that which Allah has
ordained for us. He is our King. All Believers should assign their
affairs to Allah. (Ask the kuffaar) What are you awaiting for us one
goodness out of two, while we are awaiting with regards to you, that
Allah inflicts you with a punishment, from His side, or at our hands. So
await, we too are awaiting.” (Surat Taubah)
Since
Allah Ta’ala is the King, the servant should be pleased with whatever
the King chooses. This should be the condition of all Muslims. Both
prosperity and adversity are beneficial for Muslims. Times and
conditions of hardship prove beneficial for Muslims in relation to the
end result. In enduring the hardships, ranks increase and sins are
forgiven. Thus, it matters not which condition a Muslim is in. Both,
viz., prosperity and adversity, are advantageous for Believers.
This
shows that even if a Muslim is overtaken by difficulty and hardship, he
is not reduced to despondency and frustration, for he considers the
state of adversity also beneficial to him. If the benefits of adversity
do not manifest in this world, then for a certainty, these will be
manifested in the Aakhirah. The Aakhirah is our actual and original home
and goodness and benefit there will be to our perpetual advantage.
Allah Ta’ala says,
“Musa
(when he saw Bani Israeel in fear and suffering because of the cruelty
of Fir’awn) said: ‘O my people! If you have (true) Iman on Allah, then
have trust in Him, if indeed you have submitted to Him.’
They
said: ‘We have reposed trust on only Allah.’ (They then supplicated):
‘O our Rabb! Do not make us the target of these oppressors; save us by
Your mercy from these unbelievers.'” (Surat Yunus)
From this verse it is learnt that, along with Tawakkul, Du’a is very efficacious.
Allah Ta’ala says,
“Whoever has trust on Allah, He is sufficient for him.”
Allah
Ta’ala dispenses all affairs of those who have trust on Him, be the
affairs of a physical or spiritual nature. This is indeed a wonderful
promise made to those who adopt Tawakkul.
Hadhrat Sa’d (R) narrates that Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam said,
“The
good fortune of a person is that he remains pleased with what Allah has
ordained for him. The misfortune of a person is that he refrains from
asking Allah for goodness and that he is displeased with what Allah has
ordained for him.” (Ahmad, Tirmidhi)
Hadhrat Amr Bin ‘Aas (R) narrates that Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam said,
“The
heart of man lingers after everything. Allah does not care for a man
who puts his heart at the disposal of everything; he may be destroyed in
any place (and way – Allah cares not for him). Whoever has trust on
Allah, Allah suffices for him in all affairs.” (Ibn Majah)
This hadith points out that such a man whose trust is reposed in Allah does not become despondent and is not smitten by worry.
Hadhrat Imran Bin Haseen (R) narrates that Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam said,
“Whoever
remains aligned to Allah with his heart, Allah will be sufficient or
him in all his affairs. Allah will bestow on him sustenance from such
quarters which he did not even think of. Whoever aligns himself with the
world, Allah hands him over to the world.” (Targheeb wa Tarheeb)
Hadhrat Anas (R) narrates that Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam said to a man,
“Tie your camel and trust in Allah.”
Thus,
Tawakkul does not envisage the abandonment of the lawful means and
agencies which Allah Ta’ala has created for the execution of activities.
One has to trust in Allah and not repose confidence in the means and
ways.
Hadhrat
Abu Khuzaamah (R) narrates that someone asked Rasulullah sallallahu
`alayhi wa sallam, “Do incantations and medicine alter Taqdeer?”
Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam said,
“This too is included in Taqdeer.”
According to this hadith, the benefit which will result from medicine, etc. is also dictated by Taqdeer.
The
sum total of this discussion is that Muslims should never become
despondent and frustrated in difficult situations. Take lesson from what
has been said in these verses and Ahadith and do not become weak in
your Deen. Repose all your trust on Allah Ta’ala.
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